Published articles

ZORA Publication List

Publications

• Inman, David; Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia; Vuillermet, Marine; Parker van Dam, Kellen; Easterday, Shelece; Rose, Françoise; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Baetscher, Kevin; Cocaud-Degrève, Oscar; Graff, Anna; Hardegger, Selma; Huber, Thomas C; Hong, Tai; Krasovskaya, Diana; Luffroy, Raphaël; Muheim, Nora; Müller, André; Nogina, Alexandra; Perrot, David Timothy; Steiger, Melvin; Bickel, Balthasar (2025). The Areal Typology of Languages of the Americas (ATLAs) database. Scientific Data, 12(1):933.
• Isasi-Isasmendi, Arrate; Andrews, Caroline; Huber, Eva; Meyer, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar; Sauppe, Sebastian (2025). Neural correlates of processing case in adults and children. Brain and Language, 265:105548.
• Brocard, Sarah; Voinov, Pavel V; Bickel, Balthasar; Zuberbühler, Klaus (2025). Spontaneous Encoding of Event Roles in Hominids. Open Mind, 9:559-575.
• Herce, Borja; Bickel, Balthasar (2025). Paradigmatic complexity metrics as signals of phylogenetic relatedness. Diachronica, 42(1):1-46.
• Graff, Anna; Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia; Inman, David; Skirgård, Hedvig; Lischka, Marc; Zakharko, Taras; Barbieri, Chiara; Bickel, Balthasar (2025). Curating global datasets of structural linguistic features for independence. Scientific Data, 12(1):106.
• Cathcart, Chundra; Bickel, Balthasar (2025). Linguistic evolution in time and space: Addressing the methodological challenges. In: Raviv, Limor; Boeckx, Cedric. The Oxford Handbook of Approaches to Language Evolution. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 391-421.
• Egurtzegi, Aitor; Sauppe, Sebastian; Isasi-Isasmendi, Arrate; Martinez de la Hidalga, Gillen; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina; Schlesewsky, Matthias; Laka, Itziar; Meyer, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar; Andrews, Caroline (2025). The effect of animacy on the agent preference: Self-paced reading evidence from Basque. Memory & Cognition:online.
• Torres, Catalina; Morand, Marie-Anne; Sauppe, Sebastian; Bickel, Balthasar (2024). The Effects of Syntactic Dependencies and Speech Tempo on Macro-Rhythm. In: Nineteenth Australasian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology, Melbourne, Australia, 2 December 2024 - 5 December 2024. ASSTA, 157-161.
• Wilson, Vanessa A D; Sauppe, Sebastian; Brocard, Sarah; Ringen, Erik J; Daum, Moritz M; Wermelinger, Stephanie; Gu, Nianlong; Andrews, Caroline; Isasi-Isasmendi, Arrate; Bickel, Balthasar; Zuberbühler, Klaus (2024). Humans and great apes visually track event roles in similar ways. PLoS Biology, 22(11):e3002857.
• Bosshard, Alexandra B; Burkart, Judith M; Merlo, Paola; Cathcart, Chundra; Townsend, Simon W; Bickel, Balthasar (2024). Beyond bigrams: call sequencing in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) vocal system. Royal Society Open Science, 11(11):218-240.
• Ebert, Christian; Bickel, Balthasar; Widmer, Paul (2024). Areal and phylogenetic dimensions of word order variation in Indo-European languages. Linguistics, 62(5):1085-1116.
• Graff, Anna; Lischka, Marc; Zakharko, Taras; Furrer, Reinhard; Bickel, Balthasar (2024). Densify: An R package to reduce empty cells in dataframes of typological linguistic data. Journal of Open Source Software, 9(101):7024.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Giraud, Anne-Lise; Zuberbühler, Klaus; van Schaik, Carel P (2024). Language follows a distinct mode of extra-genomic evolution. Physics of life reviews, 50:211-225.
• Brocard, Sarah; Wilson, Vanessa A D; Berton, Chloé; Zuberbühler, Klaus; Bickel, Balthasar (2024). A universal preference for animate agents in hominids. iScience, 27(6):109996.
• Padilla-Iglesias, Cecilia; Blanco-Portillo, Javier; Pricop, Bogdan; Ioannidis, Alexander G; Bickel, Balthasar; Manica, Andrea; Vinicius, Lucio; Migliano, Andrea Bamberg (2024). Deep history of cultural and linguistic evolution among Central African hunter-gatherers. Nature Human Behaviour:online.
• Huber, Eva; Sauppe, Sebastian; Isasi-Isasmendi, Arrate; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina; Merlo, Paola; Bickel, Balthasar (2024). Surprisal from language models can predict ERPs in processing predicate-argument structures only if enriched by an Agent Preference principle. Neurobiology of language, 5(1):167-200.
• Isasi-Isasmendi, Arrate; Sauppe, Sebastian; Andrews, Caroline; Laka, Itziar; Meyer, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar (2024). Incremental sentence processing is guided by a preference for agents: EEG evidence from Basque. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 39(1):76-97.
• Jing, Yingqi; Widmer, Paul; Bickel, Balthasar (2023). Word order evolves at similar rates in main and subordinate clauses. Diachronica, 40(4):532-556.
• Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia; Inman, David; Huber, Thomas C; Bickel, Balthasar (2023). Multi-variate coding for possession: methodology and preliminary results. Linguistics, 61(6):1365-1402.
• Sauppe, Sebastian; Næss, Åshild; Roversi, Giovanni; Meyer, Martin; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina; Bickel, Balthasar (2023). An agent-first preference in a patient-first language during sentence comprehension. Cognitive Science, 47(9):e13340.
• Herce, Borja; Saldana, Carmen; Mansfield, John; Bickel, Balthasar (2023). Naturalness is gradient in morphological paradigms: Evidence from positional splits. Glossa, 8(1):online.
• Isasi-Isasmendi, Arrate; Andrews, Caroline; Flecken, Monique; Laka, Itziar; Daum, Moritz M; Meyer, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar; Sauppe, Sebastian (2023). The Agent Preference in Visual Event Apprehension. Open Mind:1-43.
• Barbieri, Chiara; Blasi, Damián E; Arango-Isaza, Epifanía; Sotiropoulos, Alexandros G; Hammarström, Harald; Wichmann, Søren; Greenhill, Simon J; Gray, Russell D; Forkel, Robert; Bickel, Balthasar; Shimizu, Kentaro K (2022). A global analysis of matches and mismatches between human genetic and linguistic histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119:47.
• Zuberbühler, Klaus; Bickel, Balthasar (2022). Transition to language: From agent perception to event representation. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 13(6):e1594.
• Saldana, Carmen; Herce, Borja; Bickel, Balthasar (2022). More or Less Unnatural: Semantic Similarity Shapes the Learnability and Cross-Linguistic Distribution of Unnatural Syncretism in Morphological Paradigms. Open Mind, 6:183-210.
• Bosshard, Alexandra B; Leroux, Maël; Lester, Nicholas A; Bickel, Balthasar; Stoll, Sabine; Townsend, Simon W (2022). From collocations to call-ocations: using linguistic methods to quantify animal call combinations. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 76:122.
• Egurtzegi, Aitor; Blasi, Damián E; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina; Laka, Itziar; Meyer, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar; Sauppe, Sebastian (2022). Cross-linguistic differences in case marking shape neural power dynamics and gaze behavior during sentence planning. Brain and Language, 230:105127.
• Mansfield, John; Saldana, Carmen; Hurst, Peter; Nordlinger, Rachel; Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar; Perfors, Andrew (2022). Category Clustering and Morphological Learning. Cognitive Science, 46(2):e13107.
• Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Nichols, Johanna; Hildebrandt, Kristine; Zakharko, Taras; Bickel, Balthasar (2022). Managing AUTOTYP Data: Design Principles and Implementation. In: Berez-Kroeker, Andrea L; McDonnell, Bradley; Koller, Eve; Collister, Lauren B. The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management. Cambridge: MIT Press, 632-642.
• Cathcart, Chundra; Herce, Borja; Bickel, Balthasar (2022). Decoupling Speed of Change and Long-Term Preference in Language Evolution: Insights From Romance Verb Stem Alternations. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Language Evolution (JCoLE), Kanazawa, Japan, 5 September 2022 - 8 September 2022, JCoLE.
• Jing, Yingqi; Blasi, Damián E; Bickel, Balthasar (2022). Dependency Length Minimization and Its Limits: A Possible Role for a Probabilistic Version of the Final-Over-Final Condition. Language, 98(3):397-418.
• Wilson, Vanessa A D; Zuberbühler, Klaus; Bickel, Balthasar (2022). The evolutionary origins of syntax: Event cognition in nonhuman primates. Science Advances, 8(25):abn8464.
• Saldana Gascon, Carmen; Herce, Borja; Bickel, Balthasar (2022). A Naturalness Gradient Shapes the Learnability and Cross-Linguistic Distribution of Morphological Paradigms. Cognitive Science Society. Annual Conference. Proceedings, 44(4):787-794.
• Widmer, Manuel; Jenny, Mathias; Behr, Wolfgang; Bickel, Balthasar (2021). Morphological structure can escape reduction effects from mass admixture of second language speakers. Studies in Language, 45(4):707-752.
• Jing, Yingqi; Widmer, Paul; Bickel, Balthasar (2021). Word Order Variation is Partially Constrained by Syntactic Complexity. Cognitive Science, 45(11):e13056.
• You, Guanghao; Bickel, Balthasar; Daum, Moritz M; Stoll, Sabine (2021). Child-directed speech is optimized for syntax-free semantic inference. Scientific Reports, 11(1):16527.
• Ranacher, Peter; Neureiter, Nico; van Gijn, Rik; Sonnenhauser, Barbara; Escher, Anastasia; Weibel, Robert; Muysken, Pieter; Bickel, Balthasar (2021). Contact-tracing in cultural evolution: a Bayesian mixture model to detect geographic areas of language contact. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 18(181):20201031.
• Matsumae, Hiromi; Ranacher, Peter; Savage, Patrick E; Blasi, Damián E; Currie, Thomas E; Koganebuchi, Kae; Nishida, Nao; Sato, Takehiro; Tanabe, Hideyuki; Tajima, Atsushi; Brown, Steven; Stoneking, Mark; Shimizu, Kentaro K; Oota, Hiroki; Bickel, Balthasar (2021). Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in northeast Asia. Science Advances, 7(34):eabd9223.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2021). Beyond universals and particulars in language. Theoretical Linguistics, 47(1-2):47-52.
• Bugaeva, Anna; Nichols, Johanna; Bickel, Balthasar (2021). Appositive possession in Ainu and around the Pacific. Linguistic Typology:1-46.
• Sauppe, Sebastian; Choudhary, Kamal K; Giroud, Nathalie; Blasi, Damián E; Norcliffe, Elisabeth; Bhattamishra, Shikha; Gulati, Mahima; Egurtzegi, Aitor; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina; Meyer, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar (2021). Neural signatures of syntactic variation in speech planning. PLoS Biology, 19(1):e3001038.
• Neureiter, Nico; Ranacher, Peter; van Gijn, Rik; Bickel, Balthasar; Weibel, Robert (2021). Can Bayesian phylogeography reconstruct migrations and expansions in linguistic evolution?. Royal Society Open Science, 8(1):201079.
• Seifart, Frank; Strunk, Jan; Danielsen, Swintha; Hartmann, Iren; Pakendorf, Brigitte; Wichmann, Søren; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Himmelmann, Nikolaus P; Bickel, Balthasar (2021). The extent and degree of utterance-final word lengthening in spontaneous speech from 10 languages. Linguistics Vanguard, 7(1):1-14.
• Cathcart, Chundra; Hölzl, Andreas; Jäger, Gerhard; Widmer, Paul; Bickel, Balthasar (2020). Numeral classifiers and number marking in Indo-Iranian: A phylogenetic approach. Language Dynamics and Change, 11(2):273-325.
• Collier, Katie; Radford, Andrew N; Stoll, Sabine; Watson, Stuart K; Manser, Marta B; Bickel, Balthasar; Townsend, Simon W (2020). Dwarf mongoose alarm calls: investigating a complex non-human animal call. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 287(1935):20192514.
• Mansfield, John; Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar (2020). Category clustering: A probabilistic bias in the morphology of verbal agreement marking. Language, 96(2):255-293.
• Moran, Steven; Bickel, Balthasar (2020). Rejoinder to Huijbregts’s: Biting into evolution of language. Journal of Language Evolution, 5(2):184-187.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2020). Large and ancient linguistic areas. In: Crevels, Mily; Musyken, Pieter. Language dispersal, diversification, and contact : a global perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 78 - 101.
• Strunk, Jan; Seifart, Frank; Danielsen, Swintha; Hartmann, Irene; Pakendorf, Brigitte; Wichmann, Søren; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Bickel, Balthasar (2020). Determinants of phonetic word duration in ten language documentation corpora: Word frequency, complexity, position, and part of speech. Language Documentation & Conservation, 14:423-461.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2020). Linguistic Typology and Hunter-Gatherer Languages. In: Güldemann, Tom; McConvell, Patrick; Rhodes, Richard. The Language of Hunter-Gatherers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 67-75.
• Lester, Nicholas; Bickel, Balthasar; Moran, Steven; Stoll, Sabine (2019). Speech Rates Differentiate Nouns and Verbs in Child-Surrounding and Child-Produced Speech: Evidence from Chintang. In: Proceedings of the 44th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Boston, 7 November 2019 - 10 November 2019. Cascadilla Press, 280-293.
• Blasi, D E; Moran, Steven; Moisik, S R; Widmer, P; Dediu, D; Bickel, B (2019). Human sound systems are shaped by post-Neolithic changes in bite configuration. Science, 363(6432):eaav3218.
• Blasi, Damian; Cotterell, Ryan; Wolf-Sonkin, Lawrence; Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar; Baroni, Marco (2019). On the Distribution of Deep Clausal Embeddings: A Large Cross-linguistic Study. In: Korhonen, Anna; Traum, David; Màrquez, Lluís. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Florence: Association for Computational Linguistics, 3938-3943.
• Derungs, Curdin; Köhl, Martina; Weibel, Robert; Bickel, Balthasar (2018). Environmental factors drive language density more in food-producing than in hunter–gatherer populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 285(1885):20172851.
• Townsend, Simon W; Engesser, Sabrina; Stoll, Sabine; Zuberbühler, Klaus; Bickel, Balthasar (2018). Compositionality in animals and humans. PLoS Biology, 16(8):e2006425.
• Seifart, Frank; Strunk, Jan; Danielsen, Swintha; Hartmann, Iren; Pakendorf, Brigitte; Wichmann, Søren; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; de Jong, Nivja H; Bickel, Balthasar (2018). Nouns slow down speech across structurally and culturally diverse languages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (201800708):1-6.
• Stoll, Sabine; Mazara, Jekatarina; Bickel, Balthasar (2017). The acquisition of polysynthetic verb forms in Chintang. In: Fortescue, Michael D; Mithun, Marianne; Evans, Nicholas. The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 495 - 514.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Zúñiga, Fernando (2017). The ‘word’ in polysynthetic languages : phonological and syntactic challenges. In: Fortescue, Michael D.; Mithun, Marianne; Evans, Nicholas. The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 158 - 185.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2017). Areas and universals. In: Hickey, Raymond. The Cambridge handbook of areal linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 40-55.
• Widmer, Manuel; Auderset, Sandra; Nichols, Johanna; Widmer, Paul; Bickel, Balthasar (2017). NP recursion over time: evidence from indo-european. Language, 93(4):799-826.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2017). Belhare. In: Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. The Sino-Tibetan Languages (2nd, revised edition). London: Taylor & Francis, 546-570.
• Townsend, Simon W; Koski, Sonja E; Byrne, Richard W; Slocombe, Katie E; Bickel, Balthasar; Boeckle, Markus; Braga Goncalves, Ines; Burkart, Judith M; Flower, Tom; Gaunet, Florence; Glock, Hans Johann; Gruber, Thibaud; Jansen, David A W A M; Liebal, Katja; Linke, Angelika; Miklósi, Ádám; Moore, Richard; van Schaik, Carel P; Stoll, Sabine; Vail, Alex; Waller, Bridget M; Wild, Markus; Zuberbühler, Klaus; Manser, Marta B (2017). Exorcising Grice's ghost: an empirical approach to studying intentional communication in animals. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 92(3):1427-1433.
• Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Zakharko, Taras; Bierkandt, Lennart; Zúñiga, Fernando; Bickel, Balthasar (2016). Decomposing hierarchical alignment: Co-arguments as conditions on alignment and the limits of referential hierarchies as explanations in verb agreement. Linguistics, 54(3):531-561.
• Schikowski, Robert; Bickel, Balthasar; Paudyal, Netra P (2015). Flexible valency in Chintang. In: Malchukov, Andrej; Comrie, Bernard. Valency Classes in the World's Languages. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 669-708.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Choudhary, Kamal K; Schlesewsky, Matthias; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina (2015). The neurophysiology of language processing shapes the evolution of grammar: evidence from case marking. PLoS ONE, 10(8):e0132819.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Zakharko, Taras; Iemmolo, Giorgio (2015). Exploring diachronic universals of agreement: alignment patterns and zero marking across person categories. In: Fleischer, Jürg; Rieken, Elisabeth; Widmer, Paul. Agreement from a diachronic perspective. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 29 - 51.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2015). Distributional typology: statistical inquiries into the dynamics of linguistic diversity. In: Heine, Bernd; Narrog, Heiko. The Oxford handbook of linguistic analysis, 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 901 - 923.
• Stoll, Sabine; Zakharko, Taras; Moran, Steven; Schikowski, Robert; Bickel, Balthasar (2015). Syntactic mixing across generations in an environment of community-wide bilingualism. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:82.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Gaenszle, Martin (2015). First person objects, antipassives, and the political history of the Southern Kirant. Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, 2(1):63-86.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2014). Sprachliche Vielfalt im Wechselspiel von Natur und Kultur. In: Glaser, Elvira; Kolmer, Agnes; Meyer, Martin; Stark, Elisabeth. Sprache(n) Verstehen: eine interdisziplinäre Vorlesungsreihe. Zürich: vdf Hochschulverlag, 101-126.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Zakharko, Taras; Bierkandt, Lennart; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena (2014). Semantic role clustering: an empirical assessments of semantic role types in non-default case assignment. Studies in Language, 38(3):485 - 511.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Zakharko, Taras (2014). Typological evidence against universal effects of referential scales on case alignment. In: Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina; Malchukov, Andrej; Richards, Marc. Scales and Hierarchies: a cross-disciplinary perspective on referential hierarchies. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 7-44.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2014). Linguistic diversity and universals. In: Enfield, N J; Kockelman, Paul; Sidnell, Jack. The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 101-124.
• Collier, Katie; Bickel, Balthasar; van Schaik, Carel P; Manser, Marta B; Townsend, Simon W (2014). Language evolution: syntax before phonology?. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 281(1788):20140263.
• Schikowski, Robert; Bickel, Balthasar; Paudyal, Netra P (2013). Chintang Valency Patterns. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
• Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Bickel, Balthasar (2013). Towards a questionnaire on grammatical relations: a project bridging between typology and field linguistics. Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, 2:124-134.
• Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar (2013). Capturing diversity in language acquisition research. In: Bickel, Balthasar; Grenoble, Lenore A; Peterson, David A; Timberlake, Alan. Language Typology and Historical Contingency. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 195 - 216.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2013). Distributional biases in language families. In: Bickel, Balthasar; Grenoble, Lenore A; Peterson, David A; Timberlake, Alan. Language typology and historical contingency. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 415-444.
• Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar (2013). The acquisition of ergative case in Chintang. In: Stoll, Sabine; Bavin, Edith. The acquisition of ergativity. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 183-207.
• Gaenszle, Martin; Rai, Ichchha Purna; Pettigrew, Judith; Rai, Manoj; Bickel, Balthasar; Banjade, Goma; Bhatta, Toya Nath; Lieven, Elena; Paudyal, Netra P; Stoll, Sabine (2013). Resisting the state in East Nepal: the `Chintang incident' of 1979 and the politics of commemoration. In: Lecomte-Tilouine, Marie. Revolution in Nepal: an anthropological and historical approach to the People's War. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 97 - 113.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Iemmolo, Giorgio; Zakharko, Taras; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena (2013). Patterns of alignment in verb agreement. In: Bakker, Dik; Haspelmath, Martin. Languages across boundaries : Studies in memory of Anna Siewierska. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 15-36.
• Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar; Lieven, Elena; Banjade, Goma; Bhatta, Toya Nath; Gaenszle, Martin; Paudyal, Netra P; Pettigrew, Judith; Rai, Ichchha Purna; Rai, Manoj; Rai, Novel Kishore (2012). Nouns and verbs in Chintang: children's usage and surrounding adult speech. Journal of Child Language, 39(2):284 - 321.
• Bender, Emily M; Schikowski, Robert; Bickel, Balthasar (2012). Deriving a lexicon for a precision grammar from language documentation resources: a case study of Chintang. In: Kay, M; Boitet, C. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING). Mumbai: Association for Computational Linguistics, 247-262.
• Schackow, Diana; Bickel, Balthasar; Rai, Shree Kumar; Sharma (Gautam), Narayan P; Rai, Arjun; Gaenszle, Martin (2012). Morphosyntactic properties and scope behavior of ‘subordinate’ clauses in Puma (Kiranti). In: Gast, Volker; Diessel, Holger. Clause-combining in cross-linguistic perspective. Berlin: De Gruyter, 105-126.
• Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar (2012). How to measure frequency? Different ways of counting ergatives in Chintang (Tibeto-Burman, Nepal) and their implications. In: Seifart, Frank; Haig, Geoffrey L J; Himmelmann, Nikolaus P; Jung, Dagmar; Margetts, Anna; Trilsbeek, Paul; Wittenburg, Peter. Potentials of language documentation: methods, analyses, utilization. Manoa: University of Hawai‘i Press, 84-90.
• Schiering, René; Bickel, Balthasar; Hildebrandt, Kristine (2012). Stress-timed = word-based? Testing a hypothesis in Prosodic Typology. STUF, 65(2):157-168.
• Gaenszle, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar; et al (2011). Binomials and the noun-to-verb ratio in Puma Rai ritual speech. Anthropological Linguistics, 53:365-381.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2011). Multivariate typology and field linguistics: a case study on detransitivization in Kiranti (Sino-Tibetan). In: Austin, Peter K; Bond, Oliver; Nathan, David; Marten, Lutz. Proceedings of Conference on Language Documentation and Linguistic Theory 3. London: SOAS, 3-13.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2011). Statistical modeling of language universals. Linguistic Typology, 15(2):401 - 414.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2011). Absolute and statistical universals. In: Hogan, Patrick Colm. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 77-79.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2011). Grammatical relations typology. In: Song, Jae Jung. The Oxford Handbook of Language Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 399 - 444.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Rai, Manoj; Paudyal, Netra P; Banjade, Goma; Bhatta, Toya Nath; Gaenszle, Martin; Lieven, Elena; Rai, Ichchha Purna; Rai, Novel Kishore; Stoll, Sabine (2010). The syntax of three-argument verbs in Chintang and Belhare (Southeastern Kiranti). In: Malchukov, Andrej; Haspelmath, Martin; Comrie, Bernard. Studies in ditransitive constructions: a comparative handbook. Berlin: De Gruyter, 382-408.
• Paudyal, Netra P; Bickel, Balthasar; Schikowski, Robert; Stoll, Sabine; Lieven, Elena; Banjade, Goma; Rai, Ichchha Purna; Rai, Manoj; Gaenszle, Martin; Rai, Novel Kishore; Bhatta, Toya Nath (2010). Non-finite adverbial subordination in Chintang. Nepalese Linguistics, 25:121-132.
• Schiering, René; Bickel, Balthasar; Hildebrandt, Kristine (2010). The prosodic word is not universal, but emergent. Journal of Linguistics, 46:657-709.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2010). Capturing particulars and universals in clause linkage: a multivariate analysis. In: Bril, Isabelle. Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy : Syntax and Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 51 - 102.
• Wang, Luming; Schlesewsky, Matthias; Bickel, Balthasar; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina (2009). Exploring the nature of the `subject'-preference: evidence from the online comprehension of simple sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Language And Cognitive Processes, 24(7-8):1180 - 1226.
• Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar (2009). How deep are differences in referential density?. In: Guo, Jiansheng; Lieven, Elena; Budwig, Nancy; Ervin-Tripp, Susan; Nakamura, Keiko; Özçalişkan, Şeyda. Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: research in the traditions of Dan Slobin. London: Psychology Press, 543-555.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2009). The geography of case. In: Malchukov, Andrej; Spencer, Andrew. The Oxford Handbook of Case. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 479-493.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2009). Case marking and alignment. In: Malchukov, Andrej; Spencer, Andrew. The Oxford Handbook of Case. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 304-321.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Hildebrandt, Kristine; Schiering, René (2009). The distribution of phonological word domains: a probabilistic typology. In: Grijzenhout, Janet; Kabak, Bariş. Phonological domains: universals and deviations. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 47-75.
• Rai, Ichchha Purna; Bickel, Balthasar; Lieven, Elena; Banjade, Goma; Gaenszle, Martin; Rai, Manoj; Paudyal, Netra P; Rai, Novel Kishore; Stoll, Sabine; Bhatta, Toya Nath (2009). Mundum: a case study of Chintang ritual language. In: Mukherjee, Rila; Rajesh, M N. Locality, History, Memory: The Making of the Citizen in South Asia. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 20-33.
• Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina; Choudhary, Kamal K; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Bickel, Balthasar (2008). Bridging the gap between processing preferences and typological distributions: initial evidence from the online comprehension of control constructions in Hindi. In: Malchukov, Andrej; Richards, Marc. Scales. Leipzig: Institut für Linguistik der Universität Leipzig, 397-436.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena (2008). Referential scales and case alignment: reviewing the typological evidence. In: Malchukov, Andrej; Richards, Marc. Scales. Leipzig: Institut für Linguistik der Universität Leipzig, 1-37.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2008). A refined sampling procedure for genealogical control. STUF - Language Typology And Universals, 61:221-233.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2008). On the scope of the referential hierarchy in the typology of grammatical relations. In: Corbett, Greville G; Noonan, Michael. Case and grammatical relations: papers in honor of Bernard Comrie. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 191-210.
• Hall, Tracy Alan; Hildebrandt, Kristine; Bickel, Balthasar (2008). Introduction: theory and typology of the word. Linguistics, 46(2):183-192.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2008). Verb agreement and epistemic marking: a typological journey from the Himalayas to the Caucasus. In: Huber, Brigitte; Volkart, Marianne; Widmer, Paul. Chomolangma, Demawend und Kasbek : Festschrift für Roland Bielmeier zu seinem 65. Geburtstag. Halle (Saale): International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, 1 - 14.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2007). Inflectional morphology. In: Shopen, Timothy. Language typology and syntactic description (revised Second Edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 169-240.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Gaenszle, Martin; Rai, Arjun; Rai, Prem Dhoj; Rai, Shree Kumar; Rai, Vishnu S; Sharma (Gautam), Narayan P (2007). Two ways of suspending object agreement in Puma: between incorporation, antipassivization, and optional agreement. Himalayan Linguistics, 7:1-18.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Banjade, Goma; Gaenszle, Martin; Lieven, Elena; Paudyal, Netra P; Rai, Ichchha Purna; Rai, Manoj; Rai, Novel Kishore; Stoll, Sabine (2007). Free prefix ordering in Chintang. Language, 83(1):43-73.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2007). Typology in the 21st century: major current developments. Linguistic Typology, 11:239-251.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2006). Oceania, the Pacific Rim, and the theory of linguistic areas. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 32S:3-15.
• Janssen, Dirk; Bickel, Balthasar; Zúñiga, Fernando (2006). Randomization tests in language typology. Linguistic Typology, 10(3):419-440.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2006). Clause-level vs. predicate-level linking. In: Bornkessel, Ina; Schlesewsky, Matthias; Comrie, Bernard; Friederici, Angela D. Semantic role universals and argument linking: theoretical, typological and psycholinguistic perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 155 - 190.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2005). Exponence of selected inflectional formatives. In: Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; Comrie, Bernard. The world atlas of language structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 90-93.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2005). Fusion of selected inflectional formatives. In: Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; Comrie, Bernard. The world atlas of language structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 86-89.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2005). Inclusive/exclusive as person vs. number categories worldwide. In: Filimonova, Elena. Clusivity : Typology and case studies of the inclusive–exclusive distinction. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 47-70.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2005). Inflectional synthesis of the verb. In: Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; Comrie, Bernard. The world atlas of language structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 94-97.
• Nichols, Johanna; Bickel, Balthasar (2005). Locus of marking (in the clause; in possessive noun phrases; and whole-language typology). In: Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; Comrie, Bernard. The world atlas of language structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 98-109.
• Sharma (Gautam), Narayan P; Bickel, Balthasar; Gaenszle, Martin; Rai, Arjun; Rai, Vishnu S (2005). Personal and possessive pronouns in Puma (Southern Kiranti). In: Yadava, Yogendra P; Bhattarai, Govinda; Lohani, Ram Raj; Prasain, Balaram; Parajuli, Krishna. Contemporary issues in Nepalese linguistics. Kathmandu: Linguistic Society of Nepal, 225-233.
• Nichols, Johanna; Bickel, Balthasar (2005). Possessive classification and obligatory possessive inflection. In: Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; Comrie, Bernard. The world atlas of language structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 242-245.
• Rai, Novel Kishore; Bickel, Balthasar; Gaenszle, Martin; Lieven, Elena; Paudyal, Netra P; Rai, Ichchha Purna; Rai, Manoj; Stoll, Sabine (2005). Triplication and ideophones in Chintang. In: Yadava, Yogendra P. Current issues in Nepalese linguistics. Kirtipur: Linguistic Society of Nepal, 205-209.
• Gaenszle, Martin; Bickel, Balthasar; Banjade, Goma; Lieven, Elena; Paudyal, Netra P; Rai, Ichchha Purna; Rai, Manoj; Rai, Novel Kishore; Stoll, Sabine (2005). Worshipping the king god: a preliminary analysis of Chintang ritual language in the invocation of Rajdeu. In: Yadava, Yogendra P; Bhattarai, Govinda; Lohani, Ram Raj; Prasain, Balaram; Parajuli, Krishna. Contemporary issues in Nepalese linguistics. Kathmandu: Linguistic Society of Nepal, 33-47.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2004). Hidden syntax in Belhare. In: Saxena, Anju. Himalayan languages : past and present. Berlin: De Gruyter, 141-190.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2004). The syntax of experiencers in the Himalayas. In: Bhaskararao, Peri; Subbarao, Karumuri Venkata. Non-nominative subjects. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 77-112.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2003). Belhare. In: Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. The Sino-Tibetan languages. London: Routledge, 546-570.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2003). Prosodic tautomorphemicity in Sino-Tibetan. In: Bradley, David; LaPolla, Randy J; Michailovsky, Boyd; Thurgood, Graham. Variation in Sino-Tibetan and South East Asian languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 89-99.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2003). Referential density in discourse and syntactic typology. Language, 79(4):708 - 736.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2002). Autotypologizing databases and their use in fieldwork. In: Austin, Peter K; Dry, Helen; Wittenburg, Peter. Proceedings of the International LREC Workshop on Resources and Tools in Field Linguistics, Las Palmas, 26 - 27 May 2002. Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, online.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2001). Syntactic ergativity in light verb complements. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 27:39-52.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2000). Deictic transposition and referential practice in Belhare. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 10:224-247.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2000). A fresh look at grammatical relations in Indo-Aryan. Lingua, 110:343-373.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2000). Grammar and social practice: the role of ‘culture’ in linguistic relativity. In: Niemeier, Susanne; Dirven, René. Evidence for linguistic relativity. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 161-191.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2000). On the syntax of agreement in Tibeto-Burman. Studies in Language, 24:583-609.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2000). Person and evidence in Himalayan languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 23:1-12.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2000). Space, territory, and a stupa in Eastern Nepal: exploring Himalayan themes and traces of Bon. In: Nagano, Yasuhiko. New horizons in Bon studies. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology, 685-702.
• Bickel, Balthasar (2000). Unlogischer Aspekt : zur Bedeutungsstruktur von Aspekt und Aktionsart, besonders im Belharischen. In: Breu, Walter. Probleme der Interaktion von Lexik und Aspekt (ILA). Berlin: De Gruyter, 1-20.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1999). From ergativus absolutus to topic marking in Kiranti: a typological perspective. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 25:38-49.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Gaenszle, Martin (1999). Introduction: cultural horizons and practices in Himalayan space. In: Bickel, Balthasar. Himalayan space: cultural horizons and practices. Zürich: Museum of Ethnography, 9-27.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1999). Cultural formalism and spatial language in Belhara. In: Bickel, Balthasar; Gaenszle, Martin. Himalayan space: cultural horizons and practices. Zürich: Museum of Ethnography, 75-104.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Bisang, Walter; Yādava, Yogendra P (1999). Face vs. empathy: the social foundations of Maithili verb agreement. Linguistics, 37:481-518.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1999). Nominalization and focus constructions in some Kiranti languages. In: Yadava, Yogendra P; Glover, Warren W. Topics in Nepalese linguistics. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy, 271-296.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1998). Rhythm and feet in Belhare morphology. Rutgers Optimality Archive 287, University of California, San Diego.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1998). Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective [review article of Haspelmath and König, eds., Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective: structure and meaning of adverbial verb forms - adverbial participles, gerunds, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter 1995]. Linguistic Typology, 2:381-397.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1997). Aspectual scope and the difference between logical and semantic representation. Lingua - An International Review of General Linguistics, 102:115-131.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1997). Spatial operations in deixis, cognition, and culture: where to orient oneself in Belhare. In: Nuyts, Jan; Pederson, Eric. Language and conceptualization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 46-83.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1997). The possessive of experience in Belhare. In: Bradley, David. Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 135 - 155.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1996). बेलहारे भाषा र यसको वक्तहरूबारे संक्षिप्त परिचय. Bahubhasik Sayapatri, 3:164-171.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1995). In the vestibule of meaning: transitivity inversion as a morphological phenomenon. Studies in Language, 19:73-127.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1995). Relatives à antécédent interne, nominalisation et focalisation: entre syntaxe et morphologie en bélharien. Bulletin de la société de linguistique de Paris, 90(1):391 - 427.
• Bickel, Balthasar; Rai, Lekh Bahadur (1994). आठपहरीय जाती के हो?. Jana Visvas Saptahik, 2(26):3-4.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1994). Mapping operations in spatial deixis and the typology of reference frames. Max-Planck-Research Group in Cognitive Anthropology Working Paper 31, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1993). Belhare subordination and the theory of topic. In: Ebert, Karen H. Studies in Clause Linkage. Papers from the First Köln-Zürich Workshop. Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft der Universität, 23 - 55.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1992). The marking of future time reference in Züritüütsch. In: Dahl, Ö; de Groot, C; Tommola, H. Future time reference in European languages (= Eurotyp Working Paper Series VI – Tense and Aspect 2). Stockholm: Department of Linguistics, University of Stockholm, 73-84.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1992). Meaning beyond closed paradigms [review article of Göbelsmann, Claus (1988), Textanalysen zu Tempus (T), Aspekt (A) und Modalität (M) im Swahili]. Swahili Language and Society : Notes and News, 9:35-45.
• Bickel, Balthasar (1991). Der Hang zur Exzentrik: Annäherungen an das kognitive Modell der Relativkonstruktion. In: Bisang, Walter; Rinderknecht, Peter. Von Europa bis Ozeanien — von der Antonymie zum Relativsatz: Gedenkschrift für Meinrad Scheller. Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft der Universität, 15 - 37.